Thermometer History:
Galileo invented the air thermometer in 1593; Sanctorius improved it into the alcohol thermometer in 1612; Briaud invented the mercury thermometer in 1659; Fahrenheit established the Fahrenheit scale in 1714; Celsius proposed the Celsius scale in 1742; the rise of electronic and infrared temperature measurement technology in the 20th century; and smart thermometers integrated with AI algorithms in the 21st century.
Thermometers have evolved from simple to intelligent: Galileo's early air thermometers could only measure temperature qualitatively, while alcohol/mercury thermometers in the 17th century enabled quantitative measurement. Thermocouples and resistance thermometers broke through the limitations of extreme temperature measurement in the 19th century, and infrared technology enabled non-contact temperature measurement in the 20th century. Modern smart thermometers, such as the FLUKE series (e.g., the 62MAX+), integrate high-precision sensors (±0.1°C) and digital displays, covering a measurement range of -30°C to 650°C, making them suitable for industrial precision temperature measurement needs.
